What is Basal Cell Carcinoma?
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common type of skin cancer. It originates in the basal cells, which are found at the bottom of the epidermis (the outermost layer of the skin). BCC typically develops in areas of the skin that are frequently exposed to the sun, such as the face, neck, and arms. While it rarely spreads to other parts of the body, early detection and treatment are important to prevent extensive damage to the skin and surrounding tissues.
Causes
The primary cause of basal cell carcinoma is prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or tanning beds. Other risk factors include fair skin, a history of sunburns, age, and a family history of skin cancer.
Symptoms
Basal cell carcinoma may present as:
- A pearly or waxy bump on the face, ears, or neck.
- A flat, flesh-colored or brown scar-like lesion.
- A sore that bleeds, scabs, and either doesn't heal or heals and returns.
Diagnosis
To diagnose basal cell carcinoma, a dermatologist may perform a skin examination and a biopsy, where a small sample of the suspicious skin is removed and examined under a microscope.
Treatment
Treatment options for basal cell carcinoma include:
- Surgical excision to remove the cancerous tissue.
- Mohs surgery, a precise surgical technique that removes the cancer layer by layer while sparing as much healthy tissue as possible.
- Topical treatments, such as creams or ointments for superficial BCC.
- Radiation therapy for cases where surgery isn't an option.