What are Sarcomas?
Sarcomas are a type of cancer that originates in the bones and soft tissues, including muscles, fat, blood vessels, lymph vessels, and fibrous tissues (such as tendons and ligaments). They are relatively rare compared to other types of cancer.
Types of Sarcomas
- Osteosarcoma: Common bone cancer affecting bone tissue.
- Leiomyosarcoma: Cancer affecting smooth muscle tissue.
- Kaposi sarcoma: Vascular cancer caused by herpesvirus infection.
- Malignant fibrous histiocytoma: Aggressive tumor of fibrous tissue.
- Liposarcoma: Cancer of fat tissue.
- Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans: Skin tumor affecting connective tissue.
Causes
The exact causes of sarcomas are not well understood, but several risk factors have been identified, including genetic predispositions, exposure to radiation, and certain chemical exposures. In some cases, sarcomas may arise due to inherited genetic conditions such as Li-Fraumeni syndrome.
Symptoms
Symptoms of sarcomas can vary depending on the location and size of the tumor. Common symptoms may include:
- A lump or swelling that increases in size.
- Pain, which may be severe and persistent.
- Obstruction or difficulty in movement if the tumor is near a joint.
- Other symptoms depending on the affected area, such as difficulty breathing if the tumor is in the chest.
Diagnosis
Diagnosing sarcomas usually involves a combination of imaging tests (such as X-rays, CT scans, MRI), biopsy procedures to examine the tissue, and various laboratory tests to identify the type of cancer cells present. Accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment planning.
Treatment
Treatment options for sarcomas depend on the type, location, and stage of the cancer. They may include:
- Surgery to remove the tumor and some surrounding healthy tissue.
- Radiation therapy to destroy cancer cells and shrink tumors.
- Chemotherapy to kill cancer cells or stop their growth.
- Targeted therapy that focuses on specific molecules involved in cancer growth.
- Immunotherapy to enhance the body's natural defenses against cancer.